Water Quality Modeling

Eutrophication is excessive nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) that causes algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecosystem degradation. We model eutrophication using tools like CE-QUAL-W2 and WASP that simulate nutrient cycling, algae growth, and dissolved oxygen dynamics. These models help design nutrient reduction strategies for lakes and reservoirs.

We use water quality models to simulate how treated wastewater affects downstream water quality, including dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and other parameters. Models account for dilution, decay, and transformation processes. This analysis helps determine required treatment levels and mixing zone sizes to protect aquatic life and downstream users.

Water quality models can simulate dissolved oxygen, BOD/COD, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus), temperature, pH, algae, bacteria, sediment, and various pollutants. Advanced models simulate the full nutrient cycle, algae dynamics, and sediment-water interactions. We select parameters based on your specific water quality concerns and regulatory requirements.

Water quality modeling requires flow data, water quality measurements (grab samples and continuous monitoring), pollutant source characterization, channel geometry, and meteorological data. Calibration requires historical water quality data under various flow conditions. We design monitoring programs to collect data needed for reliable model development.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for aquatic life and is a key indicator of water quality. DO models simulate oxygen consumption (from organic matter decay) and reaeration (from atmosphere). We use these models to assess wastewater discharge impacts and ensure adequate oxygen levels to protect fish and other aquatic organisms.

Thermal pollution from power plant cooling water or industrial discharges affects aquatic ecosystems. We model temperature distribution using heat balance equations that account for solar radiation, atmospheric exchange, and upstream/discharge temperatures. Results help design outfalls and operational strategies to minimize ecological impacts.

Sediment transport models simulate erosion, deposition, and movement of particles in rivers, reservoirs, and coastal areas. We use these models to assess sedimentation in reservoirs, design dredging programs, evaluate bank erosion, and predict how sediments carry attached pollutants. Accurate sediment modeling is essential for long-term water body management.

Non-point source pollution (from agriculture, urban runoff, etc.) is diffuse and varies with rainfall. We use watershed models like SWAT to simulate pollutant loading from different land uses under various weather conditions. Results help identify critical source areas and design best management practices to reduce pollution loads cost-effectively.

A mixing zone is the area near a discharge where pollutant concentrations exceed water quality standards before dilution occurs. We model mixing zones using hydraulic and water quality models to ensure standards are met at the boundary. This analysis determines outfall design (diffuser type, depth) and permitted discharge concentrations.